Google has agreed to purge billions of records containing personal information collected from more than 136 million people in the US surfing the internet through its Chrome web browser.
The massive house cleaning comes as part of a settlement in a lawsuit accusing the search giant of illegal surveillance.
The details of the deal emerged in a court filing, more than three months after Google and the attorneys handling the class-action case disclosed they had resolved a June 2020 lawsuit targeting Chrome's privacy controls.
Among other allegations, the lawsuit accused Google of tracking Chrome users' internet activity even when they had switched the browser to the "Incognito" setting that is supposed to shield them from being shadowed by the company.
Google vigorously fought the lawsuit until US District Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers rejected a request to dismiss the case last August, setting up a potential trial.
The settlement was negotiated during the next four months, culminating in Monday's disclosure of the terms, which Rogers still must approve during a hearing scheduled for July 30.
The settlement requires Google to expunge billions of personal records stored in its data centres and make more prominent privacy disclosures about Chrome's Incognito option when it is activated.
It also imposes other controls designed to limit Google's collection of personal information.
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Consumers represented in the class-action lawsuit won't receive any damages or any other payments in the settlement, a point that Google emphasised in a statement about the deal.
"We are pleased to settle this lawsuit, which we always believed was meritless," Google said.
The company asserted it is only being required to "delete old personal technical data that was never associated with an individual and was never used for any form of personalisation".
In court papers, lawyers representing Chrome users painted a much different picture, depicting the settlement as a major victory for personal privacy in an age of ever-increasing digital surveillance.
The lawyers valued the settlement at $US4.75 billion ($AUD7.32 billion) to $12.01 billion, relying on calculations based primarily on the potential ad sales the personal information collected through Chrome could have generated in the past and future without the new restrictions.
The settlement also doesn't shield Google from more lawsuits revolving around the same issues covered in the class-action case.
That means individual consumers can still pursue damages against the company by filing their own civil complaints in state courts around the US.
Google is still facing legal threats on the regulatory frontier that could have a far bigger impact on its business, depending on the outcomes.
After the US Justice Department outlined its allegations the company is abusing the dominance of its search engine to thwart competition and innovation during a trial last year, a federal judge is scheduled to hear closing arguments in the case on May 1.
Google is also facing potential changes to its app store for smartphones powered by its Android software that could undercut its revenue from commissions after a federal jury last year concluded the company was running an illegal monopoly.
A hearing examining possible revisions that Google may have to make to its Play Store is scheduled for late May.
© AAP 2026
